Comics and Graphic Novels

~Comics~

Visual Art

Combined with text

Just for fun?

Comic Strip

Cartoons

~Graphic Novel~

Characters

Functional story

Presented in comic strip format

Comics content

As a book

~19th~

The Adventures of Mr. Obadiah Oldbuck

Rodolphe Töpffer

~20th~

National Allied Publications

Superman 1937

Sales dropping in 1950s

Japanese Manga ↑ 1952-1968

Astro Boy

~21th~

Web comics

Fan comics

~Education~

√ to

Struggling/reluctant readers

Second language learners

Kids

Students

~Publication Platforms~

Social media

Magazine

Apps (↑ recently)

Physical books

digital books

Kindle

Renta

Shogakugan

Shonen Jump

ig/twitter

Bilibili Comics

~Understanding~

Marketing

Layout

Production

Product quality

Different techniques

Basic concepts e.g. proportion

~Experience~

Expressing emotion

Characters

Tell intriguing story

Communication with editor/publisher

Industry experience

Practice!